Emerging market economies are becoming key players in the global economy. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) states that they contributed over 60% to the growth in global output. Since the early 1990s, their slice of the global GDP grew from under 20% to over 30% today.
This growth is expected to continue. By 2013, they aim to make up more than 50% of the global GDP. This change is due to their strong presence in international trading. Their amount of global imports and exports has shot up in the last few decades.
Key Takeaways- Emerging market economies are playing an increasingly important role in the global economy, accounting for over 60% of the increase in global output from 2004-2009.
- The share of emerging markets in global GDP has grown from less than 20% in the early 1990s to over 30% currently, and is expected to surpass 50% by 2013.
- Major emerging economies like China and India have become economic powerhouses, with China’s GDP level now 91% of the euro area’s in PPP terms.
- Emerging markets are also very open to international trade, with their share of global exports and imports rising significantly in recent decades.
- Emerging markets offer vast potential for economic development and foreign direct investment, as multinational corporations seek to capitalize on their rapidly growing markets.
Defining Emerging Market Economies
An emerging market economy is changing from a low-income state to a more modern one. It is happening thanks to fast economic growth and more productivity. There’s also a larger middle class and the economy is becoming more open. Despite this, these markets can be more unstable. But, over time, they aim to be like developed countries. They want to grow more and work closely with the global economy.
Characteristics of Emerging Markets
Emerging markets show several common traits. These include high GDP growth and more industrial activity. They are also building financial systems like banks and stock markets. Plus, they are moving from agriculture to manufacturing and services. This means a stronger economy and more jobs for people.
Economic Transition and Growth
Emerging markets are moving from basic farming to more industry and exports. This change comes with economic reforms and joining international trade. As a result, they grow faster than older economies. This quick growth is an exciting part of these markets.
Key Characteristics of Emerging Market Economies | Comparison to Developed Economies |
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The Rise of Emerging Economies
In recent decades, the global economy has changed a lot. Emerging economies like the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) have become very important. They now make up a quarter of the world’s economy, and 40% of the people on the planet. China and India are leading the way. China is now the third-biggest economy globally. Meanwhile, India is in the top five in terms of what it can buy with its money (PPP).
Contribution to Global Output
The emerging giants have boosted the world economy a lot. Between 2004 and 2009, they were responsible for over half of the growth. Things like being very productive and having more people join the middle class have helped a lot. Also, working more closely with other countries has made a big impact.
Economic Powerhouses: China and India
China and India are now key players in the global economy. China’s economy is almost as big as the euro area when you look at what they can buy with their money (PPP). India is also in the top five. These countries have helped the world’s economy grow fast. They have also been very important in turning the world more industrial.
Country | GDP (Trillion USD, PPP) | Share of Global GDP (%) |
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China | 26.66 | 18.4% |
India | 11.43 | 7.9% |
Brazil | 3.21 | 2.2% |
Russia | 4.32 | 3.0% |
South Africa | 0.77 | 0.5% |
Emerging Markets and International Trade
Since the early 1990s, emerging economies have grown in importance for world trade. Their global export share has climbed from about 19% to nearly 35%. The import side tells a similar story, increasing from 20% to 30%.
This growth shows the strong connection between emerging markets and the global economy. They have focused on boosting exports and making more goods in their own countries. These efforts have powered up their industries and economies.
Increasing Share in Global Exports
Emerging markets are becoming more competitive in world trade. They are getting better at selling abroad and becoming key parts of the global supply chain.
These countries are using their large populations and low-cost workers to their advantage. This, together with improving productivity, is helping them sell more products around the world. For instance, China’s export sales into the euro area have increased quite a bit, showing their growing influence.
Emerging Economies as Major Importers
Not only are they selling more, but emerging economies are also buying a lot. Their share of global imports has grown from 20% to 30%. This shows they have more money to spend and are consuming more.
As emerging Asia and the euro area have traded more, European goods have found a bigger market in Asia. This highlights the positive effects of their trading relationships.
Financial Development in Emerging Markets
Emerging economies have seen big steps in their financial growth. Since 1990, these markets like stock markets have jumped from 7% to 32% of the world’s capital. This improvement has gone hand-in-hand with huge private investments, especially before and after the global crisis. Investors flock to these growing markets for better profits.
Even when hit by the crisis, emerging markets bounced back better than in the past. They managed this thanks to smart policy reactions, less dependence on imported goods, and some limits on their financial activities.
Statistic | Value |
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Emerging markets classified by IMF | 20 countries |
Emerging markets classified by MSCI | 24 countries |
Emerging markets’ share of global stock market capitalization (1990) | 7% |
Emerging markets’ share of global stock market capitalization (2009) | 32% |
There is a lot of research about how financial growth in these markets links to their economic growth. This includes looking at what helps stock markets grow, the role of financial institutions, and how good governance supports financial progress.
The Role of Emerging Markets in the Global Economy
Emerging markets play a big part in the world’s economic growth. They account for over 50% of the increase in global production in recent years. Their large populations, growing middle classes, and increasing productivity attract a lot of foreign investment.
Driving Global Economic Growth
Now, almost 60% of the world economy is powered by emerging and developing countries. This number was below half just ten years ago. They have been a strong force in reducing global poverty, especially since the 2008 financial crisis. For example, China has pulled over 600 million people out of poverty in thirty years.
Attracting Foreign Investments
Investors see great potential in these growing markets for making money. They are especially interested in the high returns they can get. Because of this, foreign investments in these countries are increasing. This trend helps in more trading on their stock markets and boosts their business funding.
Resilience During the Global Financial Crisis
After the 2007-2009 financial crisis, the world economy faced tough times. However, emerging markets, especially in Asia, showed great strength. Despite the crisis’s severe effects, these areas remained quite stable. China, for example, slightly slowed its GDP growth from 9.6% to 9.1%.
This was because these countries quickly implemented economic policies. They also had a large share of exports whose value came from abroad. This meant their economy didn’t suffer as much from the global downturn. Moreover, strict rules on how money could move in and out of the country helped protect their banks.
Economic Performance of Emerging Asia
The global financial crisis hit hard, but Asia’s emerging markets fared better than they had in previous downturns. China, a big part of this, still saw significant economic growth. This showed how vital these markets were becoming for the world’s economic health.
Factors Contributing to Resilience
Several key factors helped emerging economies stay strong during the crisis. They acted quickly with bold economic policies, like large spending and lowering interest rates. A big part of their goods sold globally had their origins abroad. This shielded them when global trade plummeted. Limiting the movement of capital also safeguarded their financial systems.
Although the crisis shook the world, emerging markets drove the recovery. They are even more essential now for global economic growth. Their resilience and recovery after the crisis highlighted their increasing influence on the world economy.
Emerging Markets and the Euro Area
Emerging markets are becoming key trade partners for the euro area. From 2000 to 2009, the euro area exported more to Asia but less to the United States. The portion of euro area exports going to China increased significantly, as did those to Russia.
Increasing Trade Ties
Since 2009, over a quarter of the euro area’s export growth comes from Asia. Latin America and the CIS added another 10% and 6%, showing a deepening economic interdependence. This situation highlights the strong trade bonds between the euro area and these emerging markets.
Emerging Economies as Export Destinations
From 2009 to 2010, the euro area’s exports to China jumped by 54%. This was particularly true for machinery and transport equipment. It underscores the growing role of emerging economies in euro area exports and the resulting trade flows and economic interdependence.
Future Outlook and Projections
In the future, emerging economies will play a bigger role in global and euro area matters. This growth is because more people of working age are found in many of these places. Also, as their economies get stronger, they will likely save more money and work more efficiently.
Demographic Trends and Capital Accumulation
The IMF says by 2013, more than half of the global GDP will come from emerging markets. Countries like China and India are getting stronger, changing how the world’s economy looks. This shows they are becoming very important players on the world stage.
Long-Term Growth Projections
Emerging economies grow faster than developed ones. As the developed world slows down, these countries are speeding up. Organizations like the UN study and predict growth in these places, showing us they have a bright future.
Opportunities and Challenges for Businesses
The rise of new markets brings both good and tough times for businesses. These markets are quickly growing and show a big chance for business growth. They have large populations and a fast-growing middle class. Plus, they are tying up more with the world market. Because of these good sides, many big companies are thinking of starting up there.
Still, there are big risks in these new markets. Things like not-so-firm rules, politics affecting business, and money values that change a lot are common. Then there are the troubles with getting things done because the basic systems are not ready. To make it in these places, a business needs a solid plan and a way to manage the risks. It’s a tricky path, balancing the chance for big wins with the tough problems.
Even though these new markets make up more than half of the world’s business power, they also have their share of dangers. Things like safety worries, not very stable governments, and tricky rules and taxes can be troublesome. Then, there’s the problem of a lot of rules and corruption. To succeed here, a business must carefully check all these issues. But the rewards can be great, like a lot of new spending from the middle class and special treats from places like Central America and South-East Asia.
Source Links
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